C Format Specifier:
The format specifiers are used in C for input and output purposes. Using this concept the compiler can understand that what type of data is in a variable during taking input using the scanf() function and printing using printf() function. Here is a list of format specifiers.
The Format specifier is a string used in the formatted input and output functions. The format string determines the format of the input and output. The format string always starts with a '%' character.
The commonly used format specifiers in printf() function are:
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Format specifier
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Description
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%u
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It is used to
print the unsigned integer value where the unsigned integer means that the
variable can hold only positive value.
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%d or %i
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It is used to print the signed integer value where signed integer
means that the variable can hold both positive and negative values.
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%x
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a hexadecimal
(base 16) integer
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%o
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It is used to print the octal unsigned integer where octal integer
value always starts with a 0 value.
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%X
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It is used to print the hexadecimal unsigned integer, but
%X prints the alphabetical characters in uppercase such as A, B, C, etc.
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%hi
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short (signed)
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%hu
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short (unsigned)
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%Lf
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long double
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%n
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prints nothing
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%i
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a decimal integer (detects the base automatically)
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%p
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an address (or
pointer)
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%e
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a floating point number in scientific notation
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Let's understand the format specifiers in detail through an example.
%d:
we are printing the integer value of b and c by using the %d specifier.
int main()
{
int a=60;
int b=10;
printf("Value of b is:%d", b);
printf("\nValue of c is:%d",c);
return 0;
}
%u:
we are displaying the value of b and c by using an unsigned format specifier, i.e., %u. The value of b is positive, so %u specifier prints the exact value of b, but it does not print the value of c as c contains the negative value.
int main()
{
int a=20;
int b= -80;
printf("Value of b is:%u", b);
printf("\nValue of c is:%u",c);
return 0;
}
%x and %X:
y contains the hexadecimal value 'A'. We display the hexadecimal value of y in two formats. We use %x and %X to print the hexadecimal value where %x displays the value in small letters, i.e., 'a' and %X displays the value in a capital letter
int main()
{
int y=0xA;
printf("Hexadecimal value of y is: %x", y);
printf("\nHexadecimal value of y is: %X",y);
printf("\nInteger value of y is: %d",y);
return 0;
}
%f:
The above code prints the floating value of y.
int main()
{
float y=22.7;
printf("Floating point value of y is: %f", y);
return 0;
}
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