Operators in JAVA Programming language :-
In this tutorial we are learn about java Operators. Java has a rich set of operators to manipulate Variable.
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
‘=’ Assignment operator is used to assign a value to any variable. It has a right to left associativity.
There are same following:-
- Arithmetic Operators:-
- Arithmetic operators are used to perform common mathematical operations.
- that they are used in algebra.
- They are used to perform simple arithmetic operations on primitive data types.
- * : Multiplication
- / : Division
- % : Modulo
- + : Addition
- – : Subtraction
- Assume integer variable X holds 5 and variable Y holds 2, then
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + (Addition) | Adds values on either side of the operator. | X + Y will give 7 |
| - (Subtraction) | Subtracts right-hand operand from left-hand operand. | X - Y will give 3 |
| * (Multiplication) | Multiplies values on either side of the operator. | 5 * 2 will give 10 |
| / (Division) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand. | X / Y will give 2.5 |
| % (Modulus) | Divides left-hand operand by right-hand operand and returns remainder. | Y % X will give 0 |
| ++ (Increment) | Increases the value of operand by 1. | Y++ gives 3 |
| -- (Decrement) | Decreases the value of operand by 1. | Y-- gives 1 |
Relational Operators:-
These operators are used to check for relations like equality, greater than, less than.
Syntax:-
variable relation_operator value;
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == (equal to) | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. | (X == Y) is not true. |
| != (not equal to) | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (X != Y) is true. |
| > (greater than) | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (X > Y) is not true. |
| < (less than) | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (X < Y) is true. |
| >= (greater than or equal to) | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (X >= Y) is not true. |
| <= (less than or equal to) | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (X <= Y) is true. |
Bitwise Operators:-
Bitwise operators are used to perform binary logic with the bits of an integer or long integer.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & (bitwise and) | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) will give 12 which is 0000 1100 |
| | (bitwise or) | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ (bitwise XOR) | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ (bitwise compliment) | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number. |
| << (left shift) | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >> (right shift) | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 will give 15 which is 1111 |
| >>> (zero fill right shift) | Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values are filled up with zeros. | A >>>2 will give 15 which is 0000 1111 |
Logical Operators:-
Logical operators are used to determine the logic between variables or values:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| && (logical and) | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A && B) is false |
| || (logical or) | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true. | (A || B) is true |
| ! (logical not) | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make false. | !(A && B) is true |
Assignment Operators:-
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables.
variable = value;
we use the assignment operator (=) to assign the value 100 to a variable called A:
EX,
int A = 100;
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. | C = A + B will assign value of A + B into C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator. It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C – A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| <<= | Left shift AND assignment operator. | C <<= 2 is same as C = C << 2 |
| >>= | Right shift AND assignment operator. | C >>= 2 is same as C = C >> 2 |
| &= | Bitwise AND assignment operator. | C &= 2 is same as C = C & 2 |
| ^= | bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | C ^= 2 is same as C = C ^ 2 |
| |= | bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator. | C |= 2 is same as C = C | 2 |
Precedence of Java Operators:-
Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an expression is evaluated.
| Category | Operator | Associativity |
|---|---|---|
| Postfix | expression++ expression-- | Left to right |
| Unary | ++expression –-expression +expression –expression ~ ! | Right to left |
| Multiplicative | * / % | Left to right |
| Additive | + - | Left to right |
| Shift | << >> >>> | Left to right |
| Relational | < > <= >= instanceof | Left to right |
| Equality | == != | Left to right |
| Bitwise AND | & | Left to right |
| Bitwise XOR | ^ | Left to right |
| Bitwise OR | | | Left to right |
| Logical AND | && | Left to right |
| Logical OR | || | Left to right |
| Conditional | ?: | Right to left |
| Assignment | = += -= *= /= %= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= | Right to left |
